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Chelsea Wold yog ib tus neeg sau xov xwm ywj pheej nyob hauv Hague, Netherlands thiab tus sau ntawm Daydream: Kev Tshawb Fawb Ntiaj Teb Ceev Kom Hloov Chav Dej.
Cov tshuab tso quav tshwj xeeb rho tawm nitrogen thiab lwm yam khoom noj los ntawm cov zis los siv ua chiv thiab lwm yam khoom.Duab Credit: MAK/Georg Mayer/EOOS NEXT
Gotland, Sweden cov kob loj tshaj plaws, muaj dej tshiab me ntsis.Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, cov neeg nyob hauv tab tom ua rau muaj kev phom sij ntawm cov pa phem los ntawm kev ua liaj ua teb thiab cov kav dej phwj tuaj uas ua rau muaj teeb meem algal blooms nyob ib ncig ntawm lub hiav txwv Baltic.Lawv tua tau ntses thiab ua rau neeg mob.
Txhawm rau pab daws cov teeb meem ntawm ib puag ncig, cov kob yog pinning nws txoj kev cia siab ntawm ib qho khoom tsis zoo uas khi lawv: tib neeg cov zis.
Pib xyoo 2021, pab pawg tshawb fawb tau pib ua haujlwm nrog lub tuam txhab hauv zos uas xauj cov chav dej nqa tau.Lub hom phiaj yog txhawm rau sau ntau dua 70,000 litres cov zis nyob rau lub sijhawm 3 xyoos hauv cov zis tsis muaj dej thiab cov chav dej rau ntau qhov chaw thaum lub caij ntuj sov mus ncig.Pab neeg no tuaj ntawm Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU) hauv Uppsala, uas tau tawm ntawm lub tuam txhab hu ua Sanitation360.Siv cov txheej txheem uas cov kws tshawb fawb tau tsim, lawv qhuav cov zis mus rau hauv cov pob zeb zoo li chunks, uas lawv tom qab ntawd hauv cov hmoov thiab nias rau hauv cov chiv granules uas haum cov cuab yeej ua liaj ua teb.Cov neeg ua liaj ua teb hauv zos siv cov chiv los cog qoob loo, uas tom qab ntawd xa mus rau breweries los tsim cov ale uas tuaj yeem rov qab mus rau hauv lub voj voog tom qab noj.
Prithvi Simha, chemical engineer ntawm SLU thiab CTO ntawm Sanitation360, hais tias cov kws tshawb fawb lub hom phiaj yog "mus dhau lub tswv yim thiab muab tso rau hauv kev xyaum" tso zis rov qab siv rau qhov loj.Lub hom phiaj yog los muab cov qauv uas tuaj yeem ua raws li thoob ntiaj teb."Peb lub hom phiaj yog rau txhua tus, nyob txhua qhov chaw, ua qhov kev tawm dag zog no."
Nyob rau hauv ib qho kev sim hauv Gotland, cov zis-fertilized barley (txoj cai) tau muab piv nrog cov nroj tsuag tsis muaj chiv (nruab nrab) thiab nrog cov ntxhia chiv (sab laug).Duab credit: Jenna Senecal.
Txoj haujlwm Gotland yog ib feem ntawm kev siv zog thoob ntiaj teb zoo sib xws los cais cov zis los ntawm lwm cov dej khib nyiab thiab rov siv dua rau hauv cov khoom xws li chiv.Txoj kev xyaum, hu ua kev tso zis tso zis, tau kawm los ntawm cov pab pawg hauv Tebchaws Meskas, Australia, Switzerland, Ethiopia, thiab South Africa, thiab lwm yam.Cov kev siv zog no mus deb dhau ntawm cov chav kuaj hauv tsev kawm ntawv.Cov tso zis tsis muaj dej txuas nrog rau hauv qab daus cov txheej txheem pov tseg ntawm cov chaw ua haujlwm hauv Oregon thiab Netherlands.Paris npaj yuav txhim kho cov tso zis tso zis tso quav hauv 1,000 tus neeg nyob hauv ecozone tau tsim hauv nroog 14 thaj chaw.European Space Agency yuav tso 80 chav dej ntawm nws lub hauv paus hauv Paris, uas yuav pib ua haujlwm tom qab xyoo no.Cov neeg tawm tsam tso zis hais tias nws tuaj yeem nrhiav kev siv nyob rau hauv qhov chaw xws li cov tub rog tawm mus rau cov neeg tawg rog, cov chaw muaj nyiaj hauv nroog thiab cov slums loj heev.
Cov kws tshawb fawb tau hais tias kev tso zis tso zis, yog tias siv ntau qhov thoob ntiaj teb, tuaj yeem ua rau muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau ib puag ncig thiab kev noj qab haus huv rau pej xeem.Qhov no yog ib feem vim tias cov zis muaj ntau cov as-ham uas tsis ua qias neeg hauv dej thiab tuaj yeem siv rau fertilize qoob loo lossis hauv kev lag luam.Simha kwv yees tias tib neeg tsim cov zis txaus los hloov txog ib feem peb ntawm lub ntiaj teb tam sim no nitrogen thiab phosphate chiv;nws kuj muaj cov poov tshuaj thiab ntau cov kab mob (saib "Cov khoom hauv cov zis").Qhov zoo tshaj plaws, los ntawm kev tsis tso zis tso zis, koj txuag dej ntau thiab txo lub nra ntawm kev laus thiab cov kav dej ntau dhau.
Raws li cov kws tshaj lij hauv kev ua haujlwm, ntau yam kev tso zis tso zis yuav sai sai no ua tsaug rau kev nce qib hauv chav dej thiab cov tswv yim pov tseg tso zis.Tab sis kuj tseem muaj kev cuam tshuam loj rau kev hloov pauv hauv ib qho ntawm feem tseem ceeb ntawm lub neej.Cov kws tshawb fawb thiab tuam txhab lag luam yuav tsum tau hais txog ntau yam ntawm cov kev cov nyom, los ntawm kev txhim kho kev tsim cov tso zis tso quav tso zis kom ua kom cov zis yooj yim dua thiab hloov mus rau cov khoom muaj txiaj ntsig.Qhov no tej zaum yuav suav nrog cov tshuaj kho mob txuas nrog rau ib tus neeg chav dej lossis cov khoom siv hauv qab daus ua haujlwm rau tag nrho lub tsev thiab muab kev pabcuam rau kev rov qab los thiab kev saib xyuas ntawm cov khoom uas muaj concentrated lossis hardened (saib "Los ntawm cov zis mus rau cov khoom").Tsis tas li ntawd, muaj ntau qhov teeb meem ntawm kev hloov pauv hauv zej zog thiab kev lees paub, txuas ob qho tib si rau qhov sib txawv ntawm cov kab lis kev cai txwv tsis pub cuam tshuam nrog tib neeg pov tseg thiab rau cov lus sib sib zog nqus ntawm cov dej khib nyiab thiab khoom noj khoom haus.
Raws li lub zej zog cuam tshuam nrog kev tsis txaus ntawm lub zog, dej, thiab cov khoom siv raw rau kev ua liaj ua teb thiab kev lag luam, tso zis hloov pauv thiab rov siv dua yog "qhov nyuaj rau peb muab kev huv," hais tias biologist Lynn Broaddus, tus kws pab tswv yim txog kev ruaj ntseg hauv Minneapolis..“Ib hom ntawv uas yuav dhau los ua qhov tseem ceeb.Minnesota, nws yog yav dhau los Thawj Tswj Hwm ntawm Aquatic Federation of Alexandria, Va., lub koom haum thoob ntiaj teb ntawm cov kws tshaj lij dej zoo."Nws yog ib yam dab tsi muaj nqis."
Muaj ib zaug, cov zis yog ib yam khoom muaj nqis.Yav dhau los, qee lub zej zog siv nws los ua qoob loo, ua tawv tawv, ntxhua khaub ncaws, thiab ua hmoov phom.Tom qab ntawd, nyob rau hauv lub lig 19th thiab ntxov 20th centuries, niaj hnub qauv ntawm centralized dej khib nyiab tau tshwm sim nyob rau hauv Great Britain thiab kis thoob plaws lub ntiaj teb no, culminating nyob rau hauv lub thiaj li hu ua qhov muag tsis pom kev.
Hauv cov qauv no, cov chav dej siv dej kom sai sai tso zis, quav, thiab daim ntawv tso quav tso rau hauv qhov dej ntws, sib xyaw nrog lwm cov kua dej los ntawm cov khoom siv hauv tsev, chaw tsim khoom, thiab qee zaum cua daj cua dub ntws.Hauv cov chaw kho dej khib nyiab hauv nruab nrab, cov txheej txheem siv hluav taws xob siv cov kab mob los kho cov dej khib nyiab.
Raws li cov cai hauv zos thiab cov xwm txheej ntawm cov nroj tsuag kev kho mob, cov dej khib nyiab tawm los ntawm cov txheej txheem no tseem tuaj yeem muaj cov nitrogen ntau thiab lwm cov as-ham, nrog rau qee yam kab mob.57% ntawm lub ntiaj teb cov pej xeem tsis txuas nrog lub hauv paus system ntawm cov kav dej (saib "Tib neeg dej phwj").
Cov kws tshawb fawb tab tom ua haujlwm los ua kom cov txheej txheem hauv nruab nrab muaj kev ruaj ntseg thiab tsis muaj kuab paug tsawg, tab sis pib nrog Sweden nyob rau xyoo 1990, qee cov kws tshawb fawb tau thawb ntau qhov kev hloov pauv.Kev nce qib ntawm qhov kawg ntawm cov raj xa dej yog "tsuas yog lwm qhov kev hloov pauv ntawm tib yam kev phem," hais tias Nancy Love, tus kws tshaj lij ib puag ncig ntawm University of Michigan ntawm Ann Arbor.Kev tso zis tso zis yuav yog "kev hloov pauv," nws hais.Hauv Txoj Kev Kawm 1, uas simulated cov dej khib nyiab hauv peb lub xeev Asmeskas, nws thiab nws cov npoj yaig tau piv cov txheej txheem kev kho dej khib nyiab nrog cov txheej txheem kev kho dej khib nyiab uas cuam tshuam cov zis thiab siv cov as-ham rov qab los ntawm cov khoom siv hluavtaws.Lawv kwv yees tias cov zej zog siv cov zis tso zis tuaj yeem txo tag nrho cov pa hluav taws xob hauv tsev cog khoom los ntawm 47%, kev siv hluav taws xob los ntawm 41%, kev siv dej tshiab los ntawm kwv yees li ib nrab, thiab cov khoom noj muaj kuab paug ntawm cov dej khib nyiab los ntawm 64%.technology siv.
Txawm li cas los xij, lub tswv yim tseem nyob ib puag ncig thiab feem ntau txwv rau thaj chaw muaj kev ywj pheej xws li Scandinavian eco-zes, kev tsim kho nyob deb nroog, thiab kev tsim kho hauv thaj chaw tau nyiaj tsawg.
Tove Larsen, tus kws tshaj lij tshuaj lom neeg ntawm Swiss Federal Institute for Aquatic Science thiab Technology (Eawag) hauv Dübendorf, hais tias feem ntau ntawm cov backlog yog tshwm sim los ntawm cov chav dej lawv tus kheej.Ua ntej tshaj tawm rau kev ua lag luam hauv xyoo 1990 thiab 2000s, feem ntau cov tso zis tso quav tso zis muaj ib lub phiab me me nyob rau hauv pem hauv ntej ntawm lawv los sau cov kua dej, qhov chaw uas yuav tsum tau ceev faj.Lwm cov qauv tsim muaj xws li ko taw ua haujlwm conveyor txoj siv sia uas tso zis tso zis thaum cov quav xa mus rau hauv cov khib nyiab khib nyiab, lossis cov sensors uas ua haujlwm li qub kom tso zis mus rau qhov hluav taws xob sib cais.
Tus qauv tso quav tso zis uas cais cov zis thiab qhuav rau hauv cov hmoov yog raug sim ntawm lub hauv paus chaw haujlwm ntawm Swedish dej thiab dej phwj tuam txhab VA SYD hauv Malmö.Duab Credit: EOOS NEXT
Tab sis hauv kev sim thiab ua qauv qhia hauv Tebchaws Europe, tib neeg tsis tau txais lawv txoj kev siv, Larsen tau hais tias, yws tias lawv hnyav dhau, tsis hnov ​​tsw thiab tsis ntseeg."Peb tau raug tso tawm los ntawm lub ntsiab lus ntawm chav dej."
Cov kev txhawj xeeb no haunted thawj qhov loj-loj siv cov tso zis tso zis tso quav, ib qhov project hauv South Africa lub nroog Ethekwini hauv xyoo 2000s.Anthony Odili, uas kawm txog kev tswj hwm kev noj qab haus huv ntawm University of KwaZulu-Natal hauv Durban, tau hais tias qhov kev nthuav dav tam sim ntawd ntawm lub nroog cov ciam teb tom qab kev tsis sib haum xeeb tau ua rau cov tub ceev xwm tswj hwm qee qhov chaw nyob deb nroog uas tsis muaj chaw da dej thiab dej.
Tom qab tus kab mob cholera tshwm sim thaum Lub Yim Hli 2000, cov tub ceev xwm tau xa mus sai sai rau ntau qhov chaw huv huv uas ua tau raws li kev txwv nyiaj txiag thiab siv tau, suav nrog qee qhov 80,000 tso zis tso quav qhuav, feem ntau tseem siv niaj hnub no.Cov zis tso rau hauv av los ntawm hauv qab chav dej, thiab cov quav tso rau hauv qhov chaw cia khoom uas lub nroog tau tso tseg txhua tsib xyoos txij li xyoo 2016.
Odili tau hais tias txoj haujlwm no tau tsim cov chaw huv huv hauv cheeb tsam.Txawm li cas los xij, kev tshawb fawb txog kev sib raug zoo tau txheeb xyuas ntau yam teeb meem ntawm qhov kev zov me nyuam.Txawm hais tias muaj kev xav tias chav dej zoo dua li tsis muaj dab tsi, kev tshawb fawb, suav nrog qee qhov kev tshawb fawb nws tau koom nrog, tom qab ntawd pom tias cov neeg siv feem ntau tsis nyiam lawv, Odili tau hais.Ntau ntawm lawv tau tsim nrog cov khoom siv tsis zoo thiab tsis yooj yim rau siv.Thaum cov chav dej zoo li no yuav tsum ua raws li kev tiv thaiv cov ntxhiab tsw, cov zis hauv eThekwini cov chav dej feem ntau xaus rau hauv cov quav cia, tsim kom muaj ntxhiab tsw phem.Raws li Odili, tib neeg "ua tsis taus pa li qub."Ntxiv mus, tso zis yog xyaum tsis siv.
Thaum kawg, raws li Odili, qhov kev txiav txim siab los qhia cov tso zis tso quav tso zis qhuav yog sab saud thiab tsis suav nrog tib neeg nyiam, feem ntau yog vim li cas rau pej xeem noj qab haus huv.Ib txoj kev tshawb fawb 2017 tau pom tias ntau dua 95% ntawm eThekwini cov neeg teb xav tau nkag mus rau qhov chaw yooj yim, tsis muaj ntxhiab tsw siv los ntawm lub nroog cov neeg nplua nuj nyob hauv cov neeg dawb huv, thiab ntau tus npaj yuav nruab lawv thaum muaj xwm txheej tso cai.Hauv South Africa, chav dej tau ntev ua lub cim ntawm kev tsis sib xws ntawm haiv neeg.
Txawm li cas los xij, qhov kev tsim tshiab tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam ntawm kev tso zis.Hauv xyoo 2017, coj los ntawm tus tsim qauv Harald Grundl, koom tes nrog Larsen thiab lwm tus, Austrian tsim tuam txhab EOOS (spun tawm ntawm EOOS Tom ntej) tso zis tso quav.Qhov no tshem tawm qhov xav tau rau tus neeg siv lub hom phiaj, thiab cov zis tso zis yuav luag tsis pom (saib "Tshiab hom chav dej").
Nws siv txoj kev nyiam ntawm cov dej los lo rau ntawm qhov chaw (hu ua kettle effect vim tias nws ua zoo li lub qhov dej ntws tsis zoo) coj cov zis tawm ntawm lub qhov tso quav tso rau hauv ib lub qhov (saib "Yuav ua li cas rau cov zis"). Tsim los ntawm cov nyiaj txiag los ntawm Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation hauv Seattle, Washington, uas tau txhawb nqa dav dav ntawm kev tshawb fawb rau hauv chav dej tshiab rau cov nyiaj tau los qis, Cov Dej Nraus tuaj yeem muab tso rau hauv txhua yam los ntawm high-end ceramic pedestal qauv rau yas squat. pans. Tsim los ntawm cov nyiaj txiag los ntawm Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation hauv Seattle, Washington, uas tau txhawb nqa dav dav ntawm kev tshawb fawb rau hauv chav dej tshiab rau cov nyiaj tau los qis, Cov Dej Nraus tuaj yeem muab tso rau hauv txhua yam los ntawm high-end ceramic pedestal qauv rau yas squat. pans. Tsim los ntawm cov nyiaj txiag los ntawm Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation hauv Seattle, Washington, uas tau txhawb nqa ntau yam kev tshawb fawb hauv chav dej uas tau nyiaj tsawg, cov tso zis tso quav tuaj yeem ua rau txhua yam los ntawm cov qauv nrog ceramic pedestals mus rau yas squats.lauj kaub. Tsim los ntawm cov nyiaj txiag los ntawm Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation hauv Seattle, Washington, uas txhawb nqa kev tshawb fawb ntau rau hauv cov khoom siv hauv tsev uas tau nyiaj tsawg, cov zis tso zis tuaj yeem tsim rau hauv txhua yam los ntawm high-end ceramic-based qauv rau yas squat tais.Lub chaw tsim khoom Swiss LAUFEN twb tau tso tawm cov khoom hu ua "Txuag!"rau European lag luam, txawm hais tias nws cov nqi yog siab dhau rau ntau tus neeg siv khoom.
Lub Tsev Kawm Ntawv Qib Siab KwaZulu-Natal thiab eThekwini City Council tseem tab tom sim cov qauv ntawm cov tso zis tso quav tso zis uas tuaj yeem hloov cov zis thiab tshem tawm cov teeb meem.Lub sijhawm no, txoj kev tshawb fawb tsom ntau dua rau cov neeg siv.Odie tau pom zoo tias tib neeg yuav nyiam qhov tso zis tso zis tshiab vim tias lawv hnov ​​tsw zoo dua thiab siv tau yooj yim dua, tab sis nws sau tseg tias cov txiv neej yuav tsum zaum tso zis, uas yog kev hloov pauv loj heev.Tab sis yog tias chav dej "tseem tau txais thiab txais los ntawm cov zej zog tau nyiaj tau los - los ntawm cov neeg los ntawm ntau haiv neeg keeb kwm - nws yuav pab tau kom sib kis tau tiag tiag," nws hais."Peb ib txwm yuav tsum muaj lub lens haiv neeg," nws hais ntxiv, kom paub tseeb tias lawv tsis tsim ib yam dab tsi uas pom tias yog "dub nkaus xwb" lossis "neeg pluag xwb."
Kev cais cov zis tsuas yog thawj kauj ruam ntawm kev hloov kev huv.Ntu tom ntej yog xam seb yuav ua li cas txog nws.Hauv cov chaw nyob deb nroog, tib neeg tuaj yeem khaws cia rau hauv vats los tua cov kab mob thiab tom qab ntawd siv rau hauv thaj av.Lub Koom Haum Saib Xyuas Kev Noj Qab Haus Huv (World Health Organization) tau pom zoo rau qhov kev coj ua no.
Tab sis lub nroog ib puag ncig nyuaj dua - qhov no yog qhov uas feem ntau ntawm cov zis yog tsim.Nws yuav tsis yog qhov tsim nyog los tsim ob peb qhov dej phwj tuaj thoob plaws lub nroog kom xa cov zis mus rau qhov chaw nruab nrab.Thiab vim cov zis muaj li ntawm 95 feem pua ​​​​ntawm cov dej, nws kim heev rau khaws thiab thauj.Yog li ntawd, cov kws tshawb fawb tau tsom mus rau kev ziab, tsom, lossis lwm yam kev rho tawm cov as-ham los ntawm cov zis nyob rau theem ntawm chav dej lossis lub tsev, tawm hauv dej.
Nws yuav tsis yooj yim, Larson hais.Los ntawm txoj kev xav engineering, "piss yog ib qho kev daws teeb meem tsis zoo," nws hais.Ntxiv nrog rau dej, feem ntau yog urea, muaj nitrogen-nplua nuj compound uas lub cev tsim los ntawm cov khoom ntawm cov protein metabolism.Urea muaj txiaj ntsig zoo ntawm nws tus kheej: cov khoom siv hluavtaws yog cov chiv nitrogen ntau (saib Nitrogen Requirements).Tab sis nws kuj yog qhov nyuaj: thaum ua ke nrog dej, urea hloov mus rau hauv ammonia, uas ua rau cov zis nws tus yam ntxwv tsw.Yog tias tsis qhib, ammonia tuaj yeem hnov ​​​​tsw, ua paug rau huab cua, thiab tshem tawm cov khoom muaj txiaj ntsig nitrogen.Catalyzed los ntawm ubiquitous enzyme urease, cov tshuaj tiv thaiv no, hu ua urea hydrolysis, tuaj yeem siv ob peb lub vib nas this, ua rau urease yog ib qho ntawm cov enzymes paub zoo tshaj plaws.
Qee txoj kev tso cai rau hydrolysis mus txuas ntxiv.Cov kws tshawb fawb Eawag tau tsim cov txheej txheem siab heev uas hloov cov zis hydrolyzed mus rau hauv cov tshuaj muaj txiaj ntsig zoo.Ua ntej, nyob rau hauv lub thoob dej yug ntses, cov kab mob me me hloov cov ammonia tsis hloov mus rau hauv cov dej tsis hloov pauv ammonium nitrate, ib qho chiv.Lub distiller ces concentrates cov kua.Ib lub chaw muag khoom hu ua Vuna, tseem nyob hauv Dübendorf, tab tom ua lag luam rau kev lag luam rau cov tsev thiab cov khoom hu ua Aurin, uas tau pom zoo hauv Switzerland rau cov zaub mov thawj zaug hauv ntiaj teb.
Lwm tus sim ua kom tsis txhob muaj cov tshuaj tiv thaiv hydrolysis los ntawm kev nce sai lossis txo qis pH ntawm cov zis, uas feem ntau yog nruab nrab thaum tso tawm.Nyob rau hauv lub tsev kawm ntawv ntawm University of Michigan, Kev Hlub yog koom tes nrog lub koom haum nonprofit Earth Abundance hauv Brattleboro, Vermont, los tsim ib lub tsev rau cov tsev uas tshem cov kua citric acid los ntawm kev hloov cov chav dej thiab chav dej tsis muaj dej.Cov dej ntws los ntawm cov zis.Cov zis yog ces concentrated los ntawm rov khov thiab thawing5.
Pab pawg SLU coj los ntawm ib puag ncig tus kws tshaj lij Bjorn Winneros ntawm cov kob ntawm Gotland tau tsim ib txoj hauv kev kom cov zis qhuav rau hauv cov khoom urea sib xyaw nrog lwm cov khoom noj.Pab neeg soj ntsuam lawv cov qauv tshiab, chav dej dawb nrog lub tshuab ziab khaub ncaws, ntawm lub hauv paus chaw haujlwm ntawm Swedish dej thiab dej phwj tuam txhab VA SYD hauv Malmö.
Lwm txoj hauv kev tsom rau tus kheej cov as-ham hauv cov zis.Lawv tuaj yeem sib koom ua ke yooj yim dua rau hauv cov saw hlau uas twb muaj lawm rau cov chiv thiab cov tshuaj siv tshuaj, hais tias tus kws tshaj lij tshuaj chemical William Tarpeh, yav dhau los tus kws kho mob tom qab ntawm Love's uas tam sim no nyob hauv Stanford University hauv California.
Ib txoj hauv kev los kho cov phosphorus los ntawm cov zis hydrolyzed yog qhov sib ntxiv ntawm magnesium, uas ua rau nag lossis daus ntawm cov chiv hu ua struvite.Tarpeh tab tom sim nrog granules ntawm cov khoom adsorbent uas tuaj yeem xaiv tshem tawm nitrogen li ammonia6 lossis phosphorus li phosphate.Nws lub kaw lus siv cov kua sib txawv hu ua regenerant uas ntws los ntawm cov balloons tom qab lawv khiav tawm.Lub regenerant siv cov as-ham thiab rov ua dua cov khoom rau lub caij tom ntej.Qhov no yog ib qho kev siv tshuab qis, tsis siv neeg, tab sis kev lag luam rov tsim dua tshiab tsis zoo rau ib puag ncig.Tam sim no nws pab neeg tab tom sim ua kom pheej yig dua thiab ntau dua ib puag ncig cov khoom lag luam (saib "Cov pa phem ntawm lub neej yav tom ntej").
Lwm cov kws tshawb fawb tab tom tsim txoj hauv kev los tsim hluav taws xob los ntawm kev tso zis tso rau hauv cov roj ntsha microbial.Hauv Cape Town, South Africa, lwm pab pawg tau tsim ib txoj hauv kev los ua lub tsev tsis sib xws los ntawm kev sib xyaw cov zis, xuab zeb thiab cov kab mob urease tsim rau hauv pwm.Lawv calcify rau hauv ib qho duab yam tsis muaj hluav taws kub.Lub koom haum European Space Agency tab tom txiav txim siab tso zis ntawm cov astronauts ua ib qho chaw rau kev tsim vaj tsev nyob rau lub hli.
Tarpeh tau hais tias "Thaum kuv xav txog lub neej yav tom ntej ntawm kev siv cov zis thiab cov dej khib nyiab rov qab, peb xav kom muaj peev xwm tsim tau ntau yam khoom raws li qhov ua tau," Tarpeh tau hais.
Raws li cov kws tshawb fawb nrhiav ntau lub tswv yim rau kev tso zis, lawv paub tias nws yog kev sib ntaus sib tua, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog rau kev lag luam uas muaj zog.Cov tuam txhab chiv thiab zaub mov, cov neeg ua liaj ua teb, cov chaw tsim khoom siv chav dej thiab cov neeg tswj hwm tau qeeb los ua qhov hloov pauv tseem ceeb rau lawv cov kev coj ua.Simcha hais tias "Muaj ntau inertia ntawm no,"
Piv txwv li, ntawm University of California, Berkeley, kev tshawb fawb thiab kev kawm teeb tsa ntawm LAUFEN txuag!Qhov ntawd suav nrog kev siv nyiaj rau cov kws tsim vaj tsev, tsim thiab ua raws li cov cai hauv nroog - thiab qhov ntawd tseem tsis tau ua tiav, hais tias Kevin Ona, tus kws tshaj lij ib puag ncig uas tam sim no ua haujlwm ntawm West Virginia University hauv Morgantown.Nws hais tias qhov tsis muaj cov cai thiab cov cai uas twb muaj lawm tsim teeb meem rau kev tswj hwm cov chaw, yog li nws tau koom nrog cov pab pawg uas tab tom tsim cov cai tshiab.
Ib feem ntawm qhov inertia tuaj yeem yog vim muaj kev ntshai ntawm cov neeg yuav khoom tsis kam, tab sis kev tshawb fawb xyoo 2021 ntawm cov neeg nyob hauv 16 lub teb chaws7 pom tias nyob rau hauv cov chaw xws li Fabkis, Tuam Tshoj thiab Uganda, kev txaus siab noj cov zaub mov uas muaj zog tso zis yog ze li 80% (saib Cov neeg yuav noj. nws?').
Pam Elardo, uas yog tus thawj coj ntawm Lub Tsev Haujlwm Saib Xyuas Dej Txhaum Cai ua tus thawj coj ntawm New York City Environmental Protection Agency, tau hais tias nws txhawb nqa kev tsim kho tshiab xws li tso zis tso quav vim nws lub tuam txhab lub hom phiaj tseem ceeb yog txhawm rau txo cov pa phem ntxiv thiab rov ua dua tshiab.Nws cia siab tias rau lub nroog zoo li New York, txoj kev ua tau zoo tshaj plaws thiab muaj txiaj ntsig zoo ntawm kev tso zis tso zis yuav yog cov txheej txheem tawm hauv cov khoom siv rov qab lossis cov tsev tshiab, ntxiv los ntawm kev saib xyuas thiab sau cov haujlwm.Yog tias cov neeg tsim kho tshiab tuaj yeem daws qhov teeb meem, "lawv yuav tsum ua haujlwm," nws hais.
Muab cov kev nce qib no, Larsen kwv yees tias kev tsim khoom loj thiab automation ntawm cov tshuab tso zis tso zis yuav tsis nyob deb.Qhov no yuav txhim kho cov ntaub ntawv lag luam rau qhov kev hloov pauv mus rau kev tswj cov khib nyiab.Kev tso zis tso zis "yog cov txheej txheem raug," nws hais."Qhov no yog tib lub thev naus laus zis uas tuaj yeem daws teeb meem noj hauv tsev hauv lub sijhawm tsim nyog.Tab sis tib neeg yuav tsum ua raws li lawv lub siab. "
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