Lub 2023 Ntiaj Teb Durian Trade Overview tso tawm los ntawm Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations qhia tias thoob ntiaj teb kev xa tawm ntawm durian tau nce ntau dua 10 zaug hauv kaum xyoo dhau los, los ntawm kwv yees li 80000 tons hauv xyoo 2003 txog li 870000 tons hauv 2022. Kev loj hlob muaj zog ntawm kev xa tawm hauv Suav teb tau tsav kev nthuav dav ntawm kev lag luam durian. Zuag qhia tag nrho, tshaj 90% ntawm thoob ntiaj teb durian xa tawm yog muab los ntawm Thaib teb, nrog rau Nyab Laj thiab Malaysia txhua tus accounting txog li 3%, thiab Philippines thiab Indonesia kuj muaj cov khoom xa tawm me me. Raws li tus neeg xa khoom loj ntawm durian, Tuam Tshoj yuav 95% ntawm kev xa tawm thoob ntiaj teb, thaum Singapore yuav kwv yees li 3%.
Durian yog cov qoob loo muaj txiaj ntsig zoo thiab ib qho ntawm cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo loj tshaj plaws nyob rau sab hnub tuaj Asia. Nws txoj kev lag luam xa tawm tau vam meej hauv ob xyoos dhau los. Cov ntaub ntawv tshiab tshaj plaws qhia tau hais tias kev lag luam durian thoob ntiaj teb tau mus txog qhov siab tshaj plaws ntawm 930000 tons hauv 2021. Cov nyiaj tau los loj hlob thiab kev hloov pauv sai ntawm cov neeg siv khoom nyiam ntawm cov teb chaws tuaj txawv teb chaws (feem ntau yog Tuam Tshoj), nrog rau kev txhim kho cov tshuab txias txias thiab txo cov sij hawm thauj mus los, txhua tus pab txhawb kev nthuav dav ntawm kev lag luam. Txawm hais tias tsis muaj cov ntaub ntawv ntau lawm, cov neeg tsim khoom tseem ceeb ntawm durian yog Thaib, Malaysia, thiab Indonesia, nrog rau tag nrho kwv yees li ntawm 3 lab tons hauv ib xyoos. Txog tam sim no, Thaib teb yog tus xa tawm tseem ceeb ntawm durian, suav txog 94% ntawm lub ntiaj teb kev xa tawm nruab nrab ntawm xyoo 2020 thiab 2022. Cov khoom lag luam tseem ceeb yuav luag tag nrho los ntawm Nyab Laj thiab Malaysia, txhua tus accounting txog li 3%. Lub durian ua nyob rau hauv Indonesia yog tsuas yog nkag mus rau domestic lag luam.
Raws li tus neeg xa khoom loj ntawm durian, Tuam Tshoj tau yuav qhov nruab nrab ntawm kwv yees li 740000 tons ntawm durian txhua xyoo los ntawm 2020 txog 2022, sib npaug rau 95% ntawm tag nrho cov khoom siv thoob ntiaj teb. Feem ntau ntawm cov durians tuaj ntawm Tuam Tshoj tuaj ntawm Thaib teb, tab sis nyob rau xyoo tas los no, kev xa khoom los ntawm Nyab Laj kuj tau nce ntxiv.
Nyob rau hauv kev teb rau qhov kev thov nthuav dav, qhov qhia tau hais tias qhov nruab nrab kev lag luam chav tsev tus nqi ntawm durian tau nce tsis tu ncua nyob rau hauv kaum xyoo dhau los. Nyob rau theem ntshuam los ntawm 2021 txog 2022, tus nqi nruab nrab txhua xyoo tau nce mus txog $ 5000 ib tuj, ob peb zaug ntawm tus nqi nruab nrab ntawm cov txiv tsawb thiab cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo loj. Durian yog suav tias yog ib qho khoom noj tshwj xeeb hauv Suav teb thiab tau txais kev nyiam los ntawm cov neeg siv khoom. Thaum Lub Kaum Ob Hlis 2021, qhov qhib ntawm Tuam Tshoj Laos high-speed railway txuas ntxiv txhawb kev loj hlob ntawm Tuam Tshoj txoj kev xa khoom ntawm durian los ntawm Thaib teb. Nws yuav siv sij hawm ob peb hnub / lub lis piam los thauj khoom los ntawm tsheb thauj khoom lossis nkoj. Raws li kev thauj mus los ntawm Thaib teb cov khoom xa tawm thiab Tuam Tshoj, Tuam Tshoj txoj kev tsheb ciav hlau tsuas yog xav tau ntau tshaj 20 teev los thauj khoom los ntawm tsheb ciav hlau. Qhov no ua rau durian thiab lwm yam khoom ua liaj ua teb tshiab los ntawm Thaib teb tuaj yeem thauj mus rau Suav lag luam hauv lub sijhawm luv, yog li txhim kho cov khoom tshiab. Cov ntawv ceeb toom kev lag luam tsis ntev los no thiab cov ntaub ntawv ua ntej ntawm kev lag luam tawm txhua hli qhia tias Tuam Tshoj cov khoom lag luam durian tau nce kwv yees li 60% hauv thawj yim lub hlis xyoo 2023.
Hauv kev ua lag luam thoob ntiaj teb, durian tseem suav tias yog cov khoom tshiab lossis cov khoom lag luam niche. Lub siab perishability ntawm cov durian tshiab ua rau nws nyuaj rau kev thauj cov khoom tshiab mus rau kev lag luam nyob deb, uas txhais tau hais tias cov kev cai ntshuam cuam tshuam nrog cov qauv kev cais tawm thiab cov khoom lag luam kev nyab xeeb feem ntau tsis tuaj yeem ua tiav. Yog li ntawd, feem ntau ntawm cov durian muag thoob ntiaj teb yog ua tiav thiab ntim rau hauv khov durian, durian qhuav, jam, thiab khoom noj khoom haus. Cov neeg siv khoom tsis muaj kev paub txog durian, thiab nws tus nqi siab tau dhau los ua qhov cuam tshuam rau durian kom nthuav dav mus rau kev lag luam thoob ntiaj teb. Zuag qhia tag nrho, piv rau export ntim ntawm lwm cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo tropical, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog txiv tsawb, pineapples, mangoes, thiab avocados, lawv qhov tseem ceeb yog tsawg.
Txawm li cas los xij, muab qhov tshwj xeeb tshaj tawm tus nqi nruab nrab ntawm durian, nws tau mus txog qhov nruab nrab ntawm kev lag luam thoob ntiaj teb ntawm kwv yees li $ 3 nphom hauv ib xyoos ntawm xyoo 2020 thiab 2022, ua ntej ntawm cov txiv nkhaus taw tshiab thiab cov txiv ntoo. Tsis tas li ntawd, kev xa tawm cov durian tshiab los ntawm Thaib teb mus rau Tebchaws Meskas tau nce ntau dua ob npaug hauv kaum xyoo dhau los, nce mus txog qhov nruab nrab ntawm 3000 tons hauv ib xyoos ntawm xyoo 2020 thiab 2022, nrog rau qhov nruab nrab txhua xyoo ntshuam tus nqi kwv yees li 10 lab US dollars, uas kuj ua pov thawj tias durian tau nrov sab nraum Asia. Zuag qhia tag nrho, qhov nruab nrab txhua xyoo xa tawm tus nqi ntawm durian los ntawm Thaib teb ntawm 2021 thiab 2022 yog 3.3 billion US dollars, ua rau nws yog thib peb loj tshaj plaws export khoom nyob rau hauv Thaib teb, tom qab natural rubber thiab mov. Qhov nruab nrab txhua xyoo xa tawm tus nqi ntawm ob cov khoom muag ntawm 2021 thiab 2022 yog 3.9 billion US dollars thiab 3.7 billion US dollars, raws li.
Cov naj npawb no qhia tau hais tias yog tias durians perishable heev tuaj yeem tswj tau zoo ntawm kev ua haujlwm zoo, tom qab kev sau qoob loo, thiab kev thauj mus los, nrog rau kev tsom mus rau tus nqi-zoo, durian kev lag luam tuaj yeem coj txoj hauv kev lag luam loj rau cov neeg xa khoom, suav nrog cov teb chaws tau nyiaj tsawg. Hauv kev lag luam tau nyiaj tau los siab xws li European Union thiab Tebchaws Meskas, kev ua lag luam muaj peev xwm feem ntau nyob ntawm kev ua kom yooj yim rau cov neeg siv khoom yuav cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo no thiab ntxiv dag zog rau cov neeg siv khoom paub.